2-YEAR M.A. (CRIMINAL LAW & FORENSIC SCIENCE)
SEMESTER - II
1.2.4. Introduction to Forensic Science & Forensic Physical Sciences
UNIT I - History of Scientific Investigation, Physical Evidence & Crime Scene Processing
1.0 – History & Development of Forensic Science
1.1 – Development of Forensic Science in India
1.2 – Forensic Science Institutions at State & Regional Levels
1.3 – Physical Evidence & its role in Crime Investigation
1.4 – Crime Scene Processing
1.5 – Principles & Laws governing Forensic Science
1.6 – Handling of Physical Evidence
1.7 – Packaging and Labeling Evidence
1.8 – Chain of Custody of Evidence
1.9 – Checklist of physical evidence – crime wise
1.10 – Checklist of physical evidence – FSL section wise
UNIT II – FINGERPRINTS & TRACK MARKS
2.0 – Historical Perspective
2.1 – Terminology
2.2 – Fingerprint Patterns
2.3 – Taking of Fingerprints
2.4 – Taking of Palm & Sole Prints
2.5 – Taking of Fingerprints of Dead bodies
2.6 – Role of fingerprints in Disaster Victim Identification
2.7 – Purpose of Taking fingerprints
2.8 – Fingerprints at the Scene of Crime
2.9 – Expert at the Scene of Crime
2.10 – Fingerprint Photography
2.11 – Comparison of Fingerprints
2.12 – Thumb impression on Documents
2.13 – Comparison of Fingerprints using Modern Technology
2.14 – Role of Fingerprints ion Biometrics
2.15 – Forgery of Fingerprints
2.16 – Dissimilarities in Identical Fingerprints
2.17 – Law relating to Fingerprints
2.18 – Footprints
2.19– Footwear marks
2.20 – Hoof marks & Paw marks
2.21– Gait pattern
2.22 – Tyre Impressions
2.23 – Skid Marks
UNIT III – QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS
3.0 – Introduction
3.1 – Scope of Document Examination
3.2 – Different types of Cases
3.3 – Different types of Questioned documents
3.4 – Examination of writings/signatures/initials
3.5 – Forgeries and their Detection
3.6 – Different types of Tampering
3.7 – Other types of Examinations
3.8 – Instruments
3.9 – Photography
3.10 – Handling & Preservation of Documents
3.11 – Glossary
3.12 – References
UNIT IV – BALLISTICS
4.0 – Introduction
4.1 – Classification of Ballistics
4.2 – Firearms
4.3 – Ammunition
4.4 – Mechanism of Firing
4.5 – Identification of Firearms
4.6 – Bullet Identification
4.7 – Direction of Fire
4.8 – Range of Fire
4.9 – Detection of residues on hands
4.10 – Gunshot Residue
4.11 – Determining the range of firing by studying the GSR pattern
4.12 – Entrance & Exit Wounds
4.13 – Handling, Collection & Preservation of Evidence
4.14 – Nature of Evidence received by Ballistics Section
4.15 – Precautions & Guidelines
UNIT V – FORENSIC PHYSICS
5.0 – Introduction
5.1 – Glass
5.2 – Paint
5.3 – Soil, Dirt & Dust
5.4 – Restoration of Obliterated marks
5.5 – Tool Marks
5.6 – Spurious Articles
5.7 – Counterfeit Currency
1.2.5. Forensic Chemical and General Science
UNIT I – FORENSIC CHEMISTRY & EXPLOSIVES
1.0 – Introduction
1.1 – Analysis of Alcohol used in Liquors/Drinks
1.2 – Adulteration of Petroleum Products
1.3 – Cement, Mortar & Concrete
1.4 – Fire Investigation
1.5 – Oils & Fats
1.6 – Acids & Alkalis
1.7 – Examination of Chemicals used in Trap Cases
1.8 – Introduction and Origin of Explosives
1.9 – Development
1.10 – Composition of Explosives
1.11– Classification of Explosives
1.12 – Improvised Explosive Device
1.13 – Explosions
1.14 – Explosive Train
1.15 – Effects of Explosion
1.16 – Explosion Scene Investigation
1.17 – Collection and types of Physical Evidence
1.18 – Laboratory Analysis of Explosives
1.19 – Instrumental Analysis
1.20 – Contamination Control
UNIT II – TOXICOLOGY & NARCOTICS
2.0 – Introduction
2.1 – Classification of Poisons
2.2 – Scope
2.3 – Categories
2.4 – Gaseous and Volatile Poisons
2.5 – Inorganic Poisons (Metallic & Anions)
2.6 – Neutral Poisons (Organic Non-volatile)
2.7 – Basic Drugs/Poisons (Organic Non-volatile)
2.8 – Acidic Drugs/Poisons (Organic Non-volatile)
2.9 – Miscellaneous Poisons
2.10 – Introduction to Narcotics
2.11 – Opium/Morphine/Heroin Compounds
2.12 – Cannabis
2.13 – Benzodiazepines
2.14 – Barbiturates
UNIT III – FORENSIC ENGINEERING & FAILURE ANALYSIS
3.0 – Introduction
3.1 – Failure Mechanisms (Types of Failures)
3.2 – Failures in Electrical Fields
3.3 – Failures of Metallic Orthopaedic Implants
3.4 – Electrical Component Failures
3.5 – Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits
3.6 – Some Typical Failure Investigations
3.7 – Investigation into Accidents
3.8 – Structural Failure involving Civil Construction Material
3.9 – Video Authentication
3.10 – Forensic Speaker Identification
UNIT IV – CYBER FORENSICS & MULTI-MEDIA FORENSICS
4.0 – Introduction
4.1 – Definition & Scope
4.2 – Nature of Crimes
4.3 – IT Law
4.4 – Physical Evidence
4.5 – Search & Seizure of Computers
4.6 – Common mistakes committed by the IOs
4.7 – Checklist for Typical Crimes
4.8 – Current Challenges in Cyber Forensics
4.9 – Anti-Forensics
4.10 – Areas of Research
4.11 – Glossary
UNIT V – EXPERT TESTIMONY, QUALITY ASSURANCE & FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY
5.0 – Introduction
5.1 – Expert Witnesses
5.2 – Report
5.3 – The Court
5.4 – Introduction to Quality Assurance
5.5–The Quality System
5.6 – The Quality Manual
5. 7 – Internal Audit Program
5.8 – Accreditation
5.9 – Introduction to Forensic Psychology
5.10 – Psychology gets a new branch
5.11 – Criminal Profiling Facts vs. Fiction
5.12 – A short history of Criminal Profiling
5.13 – FBI Crime Scene Analysis
5.14 – Investigative Psychology: The Canter Approach
5.15 – Polygraph/Lie-detector
1.2.6. Forensic Medicine, Biology & DNA
UNIT I – FORENSIC MEDICINE, HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
1.0 – Introduction
1.1 – Role of Medico-Legal Expert in Crime Investigation
1.2 – Scope of the Services
1.3 – Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology
1.4 – Terminology
1.5– Structure of the Body
1.6 – Human Skeleton
1.7 – Vital Systems of the Body
UNIT II – IDENTIFICATION OF THE LIVING AND DEAD & POST-MORTEM CHANGES
2.0 – Definition
2.1 – Data Useful for Identification
2.2 – Introduction to Post-Mortem changes
2.3 – Immediate Signs of Death
2.4 – Early Signs of Death
2.5 – Late Signs of Death
2.6 – Post-mortem Interval
UNIT III – INJURIES, WOUNDS, MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF INJURIES, ASPHYXIAL DEATHS & SEXUAL OFFENCES
3.0 – Definitions
3.1 – Classification
3.2 – Introduction to Medicolegal aspects of injuries
3.3 – Causes of Death from Wounds
3.4 – Nature of the Injury
3.5 – Mode of Death
3.6 – Volitional Acts after Injury
3.7 – Sequence of Injuries
3.8 – Period of Survival
3.9 – Relative position of the assailant and the victim
3.10 – Gravity of Injuries
3.11 – Novus Actus Interveniens
3.12 – Burns
3.13 – Traffic Accidents
3.14 – Railway Injuries
3.15 – Aircraft Injuries
3.16 – Blast Injuries
3.17 – Bomb Injuries
3.18 – Barotraumas
3.19 – Asphyxia
3.20 – General Features
3.21 – Types of Asphyxial Deaths
3.22 – Hanging
3.23 – Strangulation
3.24 – Throttling
3.25 – Drowning
3.26 – Suffocation
3.27 – Sexual Asphyxias
3.28 – Classification of Sexual Offences
3.29 – Guidelines for Investigation
3.30 – Rape
3.31 – Unnatural Sexual Offences
UNIT IV – FORENSIC SEROLOGY & DNA
4.0 – Definition & Scope
4.1 – Blood
4.2 – Examination of Other (Body) Physiological Fluids
4.3 – Seminal Stains
4.4 – Examination of Saliva Stains
4.5– Examination of Urine Stains
4.6 – Examination of Faecal Stains
4.7 – Examination of Milk Stains
4.8 – Human Body Remnants Examination
4.9 – Guidelines for Sample Collection
4.10 – History & Introduction of DNA Fingerprinting
4.11 – History to DNA Fingerprinting
4.12 – DNA Techniques used in Forensic Investigations
4.13 – DNA Profiling in Investigations
4.14 – STR Loci commonly used in DNA Typing
4.15 – Practical Applications of Forensic DNA Fingerprinting
UNIT V – FORENSIC BIOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY & FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY
5.0 – Definition & Scope
5.1 – Hair
5.2 – Fibres
5.3 – Diatoms
5.4 – Plant Material
5.5 – Forensic Entomology
5.6 – Forensic Craniometry
5.7 – Guidelines for Sample Collection
5.8 – History of Forensic Archaeology
5.9 – Basic Principles
5.10 – Archaeology in Forensic Science
5.11 – Types of Physical Evidence & Cases
5.12 – Method of Analysis
5.13 – History & Introduction of Forensic Anthropology
5.14 – Types of Physical Evidence & Cases
5.15 – Method of Analysis
5.16 – Cause & Manner of Death
5.17 – Burnt Bones
5.18 – Specialist Techniques
5.19 – History & Introduction of Forensic Odontology
5.20 – Human Dentition
5.21 – Types of Physical Evidence & Cases
5.22 – Method of Analysis
5.23 – Mass Disasters
5.24 – Bite Mark