ONE YEAR ADVANCED DIPLOMA IN CRIMINAL LAW & FORENSIC SCIENCE

SEMESTER – II

1.2.4. Introduction to Forensic Science & Forensic Physical Sciences

UNIT I - History of Scientific Investigation, Physical Evidence & Crime Scene Processing

1.0 – History & Development of Forensic Science

1.1 – Development of Forensic Science in India

1.2 – Forensic Science Institutions at State & Regional Levels

1.3 – Physical Evidence & its role in Crime Investigation

1.4 – Crime Scene Processing

1.5 – Principles & Laws governing Forensic Science

1.6 – Handling of Physical Evidence

1.7 – Packaging and Labeling Evidence

1.8 – Chain of Custody of Evidence

1.9 – Checklist of physical evidence – crime wise

1.10 – Checklist of physical evidence – FSL section wise

UNIT II – FINGERPRINTS & TRACK MARKS

2.0 – Historical Perspective

2.1 – Terminology

2.2 – Fingerprint Patterns

2.3 – Taking of Fingerprints

2.4 – Taking of Palm & Sole Prints

2.5 – Taking of Fingerprints of Dead bodies

2.6 – Role of fingerprints in Disaster Victim Identification

2.7 – Purpose of Taking fingerprints

2.8 – Fingerprints at the Scene of Crime

2.9 – Expert at the Scene of Crime

2.10 – Fingerprint Photography

2.11 – Comparison of Fingerprints

2.12 – Thumb impression on Documents

2.13 – Comparison of Fingerprints using Modern Technology

2.14 – Role of Fingerprints ion Biometrics

2.15 – Forgery of Fingerprints

2.16 – Dissimilarities in Identical Fingerprints

2.17 – Law relating to Fingerprints

2.18 – Footprints

2.19– Footwear marks

2.20 – Hoof marks & Paw marks

2.21– Gait pattern

2.22 – Tyre Impressions

2.23 – Skid Marks

UNIT III – QUESTIONED DOCUMENTS

3.0 – Introduction

3.1 – Scope of Document Examination

3.2 – Different types of Cases

3.3 – Different types of Questioned documents

3.4 – Examination of writings/signatures/initials

3.5 – Forgeries and their Detection

3.6 – Different types of Tampering

3.7 – Other types of Examinations

3.8 – Instruments

3.9 – Photography

3.10 – Handling & Preservation of Documents

3.11 – Glossary

3.12 – References

UNIT IV – BALLISTICS

4.0 – Introduction

4.1 – Classification of Ballistics

4.2 – Firearms

4.3 – Ammunition

4.4 – Mechanism of Firing

4.5 – Identification of Firearms

4.6 – Bullet Identification

4.7 – Direction of Fire

4.8 – Range of Fire

4.9 – Detection of residues on hands

4.10 – Gunshot Residue

4.11 – Determining the range of firing by studying the GSR pattern

4.12 – Entrance & Exit Wounds

4.13 – Handling, Collection & Preservation of Evidence

4.14 – Nature of Evidence received by Ballistics Section

4.15 – Precautions & Guidelines

UNIT V – FORENSIC PHYSICS

5.0 – Introduction

5.1 – Glass

5.2 – Paint

5.3 – Soil, Dirt & Dust

5.4 – Restoration of Obliterated marks

5.5 – Tool Marks

5.6 – Spurious Articles

5.7 – Counterfeit Currency

1.2.5. Forensic Chemical and General Science

UNIT I – FORENSIC CHEMISTRY& EXPLOSIVES

1.0 – Introduction

1.1 – Analysis of Alcohol used in Liquors/Drinks

1.2 – Adulteration of Petroleum Products

1.3 – Cement, Mortar & Concrete

1.4 – Fire Investigation

1.5 – Oils & Fats

1.6 – Acids & Alkalis

1.7 – Examination of Chemicals used in Trap Cases

1.8 – Introduction and Origin of Explosives

1.9 – Development

1.10 – Composition of Explosives

1.11– Classification of Explosives

1.12 – Improvised Explosive Device

1.13 – Explosions

1.14 – Explosive Train

1.15 – Effects of Explosion

1.16 – Explosion Scene Investigation

1.17 – Collection and types of Physical Evidence

1.18 – Laboratory Analysis of Explosives

1.19 – Instrumental Analysis

1.20 – Contamination Control

UNIT II – TOXICOLOGY & NARCOTICS

2.0 – Introduction

2.1 – Classification of Poisons

2.2 – Scope

2.3 – Categories

2.4 – Gaseous and Volatile Poisons

2.5 – Inorganic Poisons (Metallic & Anions)

2.6 – Neutral Poisons (Organic Non-volatile)

2.7 – Basic Drugs/Poisons (Organic Non-volatile)

2.8 – AcidicDrugs/Poisons (Organic Non-volatile)

2.9 – Miscellaneous Poisons

2.10 – Introduction to Narcotics

2.11 – Opium/Morphine/Heroin Compounds

2.12 – Cannabis

2.13 – Benzodiazepines

2.14 – Barbiturates

UNIT III – FORENSIC ENGINEERING & FAILURE ANALYSIS

3.0 – Introduction

3.1 – Failure Mechanisms (Types of Failures)

3.2 – Failures in Electrical Fields

3.3 – Failures of Metallic Orthopaedic Implants

3.4 – Electrical Component Failures

3.5 – Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits

3.6 – Some Typical Failure Investigations

3.7 – Investigation into Accidents

3.8 – Structural Failure involving Civil Construction Material

3.9 – Video Authentication

3.10 – Forensic Speaker Identification

UNIT IV – CYBER FORENSICS & MULTI-MEDIA FORENSICS

4.0 – Introduction

4.1 – Definition & Scope

4.2 – Nature of Crimes

4.3 – IT Law

4.4 – Physical Evidence

4.5 – Search & Seizure of Computers

4.6 – Common mistakes committed by the IOs

4.7 – Checklist for Typical Crimes

4.8 – Current Challenges in Cyber Forensics

4.9 – Anti-Forensics

4.10 – Areas of Research

4.11 – Glossary

UNIT V – EXPERT TESTIMONY, QUALITY ASSURANCE & FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY

5.0 – Introduction

5.1 – Expert Witnesses

5.2 – Report

5.3 – The Court

5.4 – Introduction to Quality Assurance

5.5–The Quality System

5.6 – The Quality Manual

5. 7 – Internal Audit Program

5.8 – Accreditation

5.9 – Introduction to Forensic Psychology

5.10 – Psychology gets a new branch

5.11 – Criminal Profiling Facts vs. Fiction

5.12 – A short history of Criminal Profiling

5.13 – FBI Crime Scene Analysis

5.14 – Investigative Psychology: The Canter Approach

5.15 – Polygraph/Lie-detector

1.2.6. Forensic Medicine, Biology & DNA

UNIT I – FORENSIC MEDICINE, HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

1.0 – Introduction

1.1 – Role of Medico-Legal Expert in Crime Investigation

1.2 – Scope of the Services

1.3 – Introduction to Human Anatomy & Physiology

1.4 – Terminology

1.5– Structure of the Body

1.6 – Human Skeleton

1.7 – Vital Systems of the Body

UNIT II – IDENTIFICATION OF THE LIVING AND DEAD & POST-MORTEM CHANGES

2.0 – Definition

2.1 – Data Useful for Identification

2.2 – Introduction to Post-Mortem changes

2.3 – Immediate Signs of Death

2.4 – Early Signs of Death

2.5 – Late Signs of Death

2.6 – Post-mortem Interval

UNIT III – INJURIES, WOUNDS, MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF INJURIES, ASPHYXIAL DEATHS & SEXUAL OFFENCES

3.0 – Definitions

3.1 – Classification

3.2 – Introduction to Medicolegal aspects of injuries

3.3 – Causes of Death from Wounds

3.4 – Nature of the Injury

3.5 – Mode of Death

3.6 – Volitional Acts after Injury

3.7 – Sequence of Injuries

3.8 – Period of Survival

3.9 – Relative position of the assailant and the victim

3.10 – Gravity of Injuries

3.11 – Novus ActusInterveniens

3.12 – Burns

3.13 – Traffic Accidents

3.14 – Railway Injuries

3.15 – Aircraft Injuries

3.16 – Blast Injuries

3.17 – Bomb Injuries

3.18 – Barotraumas

3.19 – Asphyxia

3.20 – General Features

3.21 – Types of Asphyxial Deaths

3.22 – Hanging

3.23 – Strangulation

3.24 – Throttling

3.25 – Drowning

3.26 – Suffocation

3.27 – Sexual Asphyxias

3.28 – Classification of Sexual Offences

3.29 – Guidelines for Investigation

3.30 – Rape

3.31 – Unnatural Sexual Offences

UNIT IV – FORENSIC SEROLOGY & DNA

4.0 – Definition & Scope

4.1 – Blood

4.2 – Examination of Other (Body) Physiological Fluids

4.3 – Seminal Stains

4.4 – Examination of Saliva Stains

4.5– Examination of Urine Stains

4.6 – Examination of Faecal Stains

4.7 – Examination of Milk Stains

4.8 – Human Body Remnants Examination

4.9 – Guidelines for Sample Collection

4.10 – History & Introduction of DNA Fingerprinting

4.11 – History to DNA Fingerprinting

4.12 – DNA Techniques used in Forensic Investigations

4.13 – DNA Profiling in Investigations

4.14 – STR Loci commonly used in DNA Typing

4.15 – Practical Applications of Forensic DNA Fingerprinting

UNIT V – FORENSIC BIOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY & FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

5.0 – Definition & Scope

5.1 – Hair

5.2 – Fibres

5.3 – Diatoms

5.4 – Plant Material

5.5 – Forensic Entomology

5.6 – Forensic Craniometry

5.7 – Guidelines for Sample Collection

5.8 – History of Forensic Archaeology

5.9 – Basic Principles

5.10 – Archaeology in Forensic Science

5.11 – Types of Physical Evidence & Cases

5.12 – Method of Analysis

5.13 – History & Introduction of Forensic Anthropology

5.14 – Types of Physical Evidence & Cases

5.15 – Method of Analysis

5.16 – Cause & Manner of Death

5.17 – Burnt Bones

5.18 – Specialist Techniques

5.19 – History & Introduction of Forensic Odontology

5.20 – Human Dentition

5.21 – Types of Physical Evidence & Cases

5.22 – Method of Analysis

5.23 – Mass Disasters

5.24 – Bite Mark